From fc0d744bc5ac8725fce235e00db555706cb91bdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mirko Janssen <mail@mirkojanssen.de>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2019 20:36:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] refactored Tuple and created class for Point and Vector

---
 src/Primitives/Point.php        |  60 +++++
 src/Primitives/Tuple.php        | 154 +------------
 src/Primitives/Vector.php       | 111 +++++++++
 src/virtual_cannon.php          |  23 +-
 tests/Primitives/PointTest.php  |  93 ++++++++
 tests/Primitives/TupleTest.php  | 389 ++------------------------------
 tests/Primitives/VectorTest.php | 215 ++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 508 insertions(+), 537 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/Primitives/Point.php
 create mode 100644 src/Primitives/Vector.php
 create mode 100644 tests/Primitives/PointTest.php
 create mode 100644 tests/Primitives/VectorTest.php

diff --git a/src/Primitives/Point.php b/src/Primitives/Point.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50c69ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Primitives/Point.php
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
+
+/**
+ * Class Point
+ *
+ * @package ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives
+ */
+class Point extends Tuple
+{
+    /**
+     * Point constructor.
+     *
+     * @param float $x
+     * @param float $y
+     * @param float $z
+     */
+    public function __construct(float $x, float $y, float $z)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($x, $y, $z);
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return Point
+     */
+    public function plusVector(Vector $vector): Point
+    {
+        return new Point($this->x + $vector->x(), $this->y + $vector->y(), $this->z + $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return Point
+     */
+    public function minusVector(Vector $vector): Point
+    {
+        return new Point($this->x - $vector->x(), $this->y - $vector->y(), $this->z - $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Point $point
+     *
+     * @return Vector
+     */
+    public function minusPoint(Point $point): Vector
+    {
+        return new Vector($this->x - $point->x(), $this->y - $point->y(), $this->z - $point->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Primitives/Tuple.php b/src/Primitives/Tuple.php
index a1c98ea..fe500b5 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/Tuple.php
+++ b/src/Primitives/Tuple.php
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
 
 use InvalidArgumentException;
-use RuntimeException;
-use function pow;
-use function sqrt;
 
 /**
  * Class Tuple
@@ -31,11 +28,6 @@ class Tuple
      */
     protected $z;
     
-    /**
-     * @var float
-     */
-    protected $w;
-    
     
     /**
      * Tuple constructor.
@@ -43,40 +35,12 @@ class Tuple
      * @param float $x
      * @param float $y
      * @param float $z
-     * @param float $w
      */
-    public function __construct(float $x, float $y, float $z, float $w)
+    public function __construct(float $x, float $y, float $z)
     {
         $this->x = $x;
         $this->y = $y;
         $this->z = $z;
-        $this->w = $w;
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param float $x
-     * @param float $y
-     * @param float $z
-     *
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public static function createPoint(float $x, float $y, float $z): Tuple
-    {
-        return new self($x, $y, $z, 1.0);
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param float $x
-     * @param float $y
-     * @param float $z
-     *
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public static function createVector(float $x, float $y, float $z): Tuple
-    {
-        return new self($x, $y, $z, 0.0);
     }
     
     
@@ -107,69 +71,12 @@ class Tuple
     }
     
     
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     */
-    public function w(): float
-    {
-        return $this->w;
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function isPoint(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->w === 1.0;
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function isVector(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->w === 0.0;
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param Tuple $other
-     *
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public function plus(Tuple $other): Tuple
-    {
-        if ($this->isPoint() && $other->isPoint()) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Two point can not be added together');
-        }
-        
-        return new self($this->x + $other->x(), $this->y + $other->y(), $this->z + $other->z(), $this->w + $other->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param Tuple $other
-     *
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public function minus(Tuple $other): Tuple
-    {
-        if ($this->isVector() && $other->isPoint()) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Can not subtract a point from a vector');
-        }
-        
-        return new self($this->x - $other->x(), $this->y - $other->y(), $this->z - $other->z(), $this->w - $other->w());
-    }
-    
-    
     /**
      * @return Tuple
      */
     public function negate(): Tuple
     {
-        return new self(-1 * $this->x, -1 * $this->y, -1 * $this->z, -1 * $this->w);
+        return new static(-1 * $this->x, -1 * $this->y, -1 * $this->z);
     }
     
     
@@ -180,7 +87,7 @@ class Tuple
      */
     public function multiplyWith(float $multiplier): Tuple
     {
-        return new self($multiplier * $this->x, $multiplier * $this->y, $multiplier * $this->z, $multiplier * $this->w);
+        return new static($multiplier * $this->x, $multiplier * $this->y, $multiplier * $this->z);
     }
     
     
@@ -195,59 +102,6 @@ class Tuple
             throw new InvalidArgumentException('Can not divided with zero');
         }
         
-        return new self($this->x / $divider, $this->y / $divider, $this->z / $divider, $this->w / $divider);
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     */
-    public function magnitude(): float
-    {
-        if ($this->isVector() === false) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('This tuple needs to be a vector');
-        }
-        
-        return sqrt(pow($this->x, 2) + pow($this->y, 2) + pow($this->z, 2));
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public function normalize(): Tuple
-    {
-        return $this->divideWith($this->magnitude());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param Tuple $other
-     *
-     * @return float
-     */
-    public function dot(Tuple $other): float
-    {
-        if ($this->isVector() === false || $other->isVector() === false) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Dot product can only be build for vectors');
-        }
-        
-        return $this->x * $other->x() + $this->y * $other->y() + $this->z * $other->z;
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @param Tuple $other
-     *
-     * @return Tuple
-     */
-    public function cross(Tuple $other): Tuple
-    {
-        if ($this->isVector() === false || $other->isVector() === false) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Cross product can only be build for vectors');
-        }
-        
-        return new self($this->y * $other->z() - $this->z * $other->y, $this->z * $other->x() - $this->x * $other->z,
-            $this->x * $other->y() - $this->y * $other->x, 0.0);
+        return new static($this->x / $divider, $this->y / $divider, $this->z / $divider);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Primitives/Vector.php b/src/Primitives/Vector.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bce971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Primitives/Vector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
+
+/**
+ * Class Vector
+ *
+ * @package ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives
+ */
+class Vector extends Tuple
+{
+    /**
+     * Vector constructor.
+     *
+     * @param float $x
+     * @param float $y
+     * @param float $z
+     */
+    public function __construct(float $x, float $y, float $z)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($x, $y, $z);
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return Vector
+     */
+    public function plusVector(Vector $vector): Vector
+    {
+        return new Vector($this->x + $vector->x(), $this->y + $vector->y(), $this->z + $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Point $vector
+     *
+     * @return Point
+     */
+    public function plusPoint(Point $vector): Point
+    {
+        return new Point($this->x + $vector->x(), $this->y + $vector->y(), $this->z + $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return Vector
+     */
+    public function minusVector(Vector $vector): Vector
+    {
+        return new Vector($this->x - $vector->x(), $this->y - $vector->y(), $this->z - $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Point $point
+     *
+     * @return Point
+     */
+    public function minusPoint(Point $point): Point
+    {
+        return new Point($this->x - $point->x(), $this->y - $point->y(), $this->z - $point->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function magnitude(): float
+    {
+        return sqrt(pow($this->x, 2) + pow($this->y, 2) + pow($this->z, 2));
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @return Tuple
+     */
+    public function normalize(): Tuple
+    {
+        return $this->divideWith($this->magnitude());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function dot(Vector $vector): float
+    {
+        return $this->x * $vector->x() + $this->y * $vector->y() + $this->z * $vector->z;
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     *
+     * @return Vector
+     */
+    public function cross(Vector $vector): Vector
+    {
+        return new Vector($this->y * $vector->z() - $this->z * $vector->y,
+            $this->z * $vector->x() - $this->x * $vector->z, $this->x * $vector->y() - $this->y * $vector->x);
+    }
+    
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/virtual_cannon.php b/src/virtual_cannon.php
index 9ae25ea..42a14c5 100644
--- a/src/virtual_cannon.php
+++ b/src/virtual_cannon.php
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 include __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
 
-use ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives\Tuple;
+use ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives\Point;
+use ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives\Vector;
 
 /**
  * Class Projectile
@@ -12,12 +13,12 @@ use ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives\Tuple;
 class Projectile
 {
     /**
-     * @var Tuple
+     * @var Point
      */
     public $position;
     
     /**
-     * @var Tuple
+     * @var Vector
      */
     public $velocity;
 }
@@ -28,12 +29,12 @@ class Projectile
 class Environment
 {
     /**
-     * @var Tuple
+     * @var Vector
      */
     public $gravity;
     
     /**
-     * @var Tuple
+     * @var Vector
      */
     public $wind;
 }
@@ -41,19 +42,19 @@ class Environment
 
 function tick(Environment $environment, Projectile $projectile): Projectile
 {
-    $projectile->position = $projectile->position->plus($projectile->velocity);
-    $projectile->velocity = $projectile->velocity->plus($environment->gravity)->plus($environment->wind);
+    $projectile->position = $projectile->position->plusVector($projectile->velocity);
+    $projectile->velocity = $projectile->velocity->plusVector($environment->gravity)->plusVector($environment->wind);
     
     return $projectile;
 }
 
 $environment          = new Environment();
-$environment->gravity = Tuple::createVector(0.0, -0.1, 0.0);
-$environment->wind    = Tuple::createVector(-0.01, 0.0, 0.0);
+$environment->gravity = new Vector(0.0, -0.1, 0.0);
+$environment->wind    = new Vector(-0.01, 0.0, 0.0);
 
 $projectile           = new Projectile();
-$projectile->position = Tuple::createPoint(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
-$projectile->velocity = Tuple::createVector(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)->normalize();
+$projectile->position = new Point(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
+$projectile->velocity = (new Vector(1.0, 1.0, 0.0))->normalize();
 
 while ($projectile->position->y() > 0) {
     echo $projectile->position->x() . ' | ' . $projectile->position->y() . PHP_EOL;
diff --git a/tests/Primitives/PointTest.php b/tests/Primitives/PointTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b14b7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Primitives/PointTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
+
+use Exception;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use function random_int;
+
+class PointTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @var float
+     */
+    private $x;
+    
+    /**
+     * @var float
+     */
+    private $y;
+    
+    /**
+     * @var float|int float
+     */
+    private $z;
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        
+        $this->x = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+        $this->y = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+        $this->z = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCanBeCreatedAsTuple(): void
+    {
+        $point = new Point($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Tuple::class, $point);
+        $this->assertSame($this->x, $point->x());
+        $this->assertSame($this->y, $point->y());
+        $this->assertSame($this->z, $point->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewPointByAddingAVector(): void
+    {
+        $point  = new Point(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $vector = new Vector($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualPoint = $point->plusVector($vector);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Point::class, $actualPoint);
+        $this->assertSame(1 + $this->x, $actualPoint->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 + $this->y, $actualPoint->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 + $this->z, $actualPoint->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewPointBySubtractingAVector(): void
+    {
+        $point  = new Point(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $vector = new Vector($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualPoint = $point->minusVector($vector);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Point::class, $actualPoint);
+        $this->assertSame(1 - $this->x, $actualPoint->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 - $this->y, $actualPoint->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 - $this->z, $actualPoint->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewVectorBySubtractingAPoint(): void
+    {
+        $point1 = new Point(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $point2 = new Point($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualVector = $point1->minusPoint($point2);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Vector::class, $actualVector);
+        $this->assertSame(1 - $this->x, $actualVector->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 - $this->y, $actualVector->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 - $this->z, $actualVector->z());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Primitives/TupleTest.php b/tests/Primitives/TupleTest.php
index 5056717..8b491e9 100644
--- a/tests/Primitives/TupleTest.php
+++ b/tests/Primitives/TupleTest.php
@@ -4,252 +4,33 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
 
-use InvalidArgumentException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
-use RuntimeException;
-use function sqrt;
 
 class TupleTest extends TestCase
 {
-    /**
-     * @testdox A tuple with w=1.0 is a point
-     */
-    public function testCanBeAPoint(): void
+    public function testProvidedCoordinates(): void
     {
-        $tuple = new Tuple(4.3, -4.2, 3.1, 1.0);
+        $tuple = new Tuple(4.3, -4.2, 3.1);
         
         $this->assertSame(4.3, $tuple->x());
         $this->assertSame(-4.2, $tuple->y());
         $this->assertSame(3.1, $tuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, $tuple->w());
-        $this->assertTrue($tuple->isPoint());
-        $this->assertFalse($tuple->isVector());
     }
     
     
-    /**
-     * @testdox A tuple with w=0.0 is a vector
-     */
-    public function testCanBeAVector(): void
+    public function testCanBeNegated(): void
     {
-        $tuple = new Tuple(4.3, -4.2, 3.1, 0.0);
+        $tuple = new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0);
         
-        $this->assertSame(4.3, $tuple->x());
-        $this->assertSame(-4.2, $tuple->y());
-        $this->assertSame(3.1, $tuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame(0.0, $tuple->w());
-        $this->assertFalse($tuple->isPoint());
-        $this->assertTrue($tuple->isVector());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox creates tuples with w=1
-     */
-    public function testCanBeCreatedAsPoint(): void
-    {
-        $point = Tuple::createPoint(4.0, -4.0, 3.0);
+        $negatedTuple = $tuple->negate();
         
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(Tuple::class, $point);
-        $this->assertSame(4.0, $point->x());
-        $this->assertSame(-4.0, $point->y());
-        $this->assertSame(3.0, $point->z());
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, $point->w());
+        $this->assertSame(-3.0, $negatedTuple->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2.0, $negatedTuple->y());
+        $this->assertSame(-5.0, $negatedTuple->z());
     }
     
     
     /**
-     * @testdox creates tuples with w=0
-     */
-    public function testCanBeCreatedAsVector(): void
-    {
-        $vector = Tuple::createVector(4.0, -4.0, 3.0);
-        
-        $this->assertInstanceOf(Tuple::class, $vector);
-        $this->assertSame(4.0, $vector->x());
-        $this->assertSame(-4.0, $vector->y());
-        $this->assertSame(3.0, $vector->z());
-        $this->assertSame(0.0, $vector->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Adding two tuples
-     * @dataProvider parametersForTupleAddition
-     *
-     * @param Tuple $tuple1
-     * @param Tuple $tuple2
-     * @param Tuple $expectedTuple
-     */
-    public function testCanBeAddedTogether(Tuple $tuple1, Tuple $tuple2, Tuple $expectedTuple): void
-    {
-        $actualTuple = $tuple1->plus($tuple2);
-        
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->x(), $actualTuple->x());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->y(), $actualTuple->y());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->w(), $actualTuple->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function parametersForTupleAddition(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(-2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 6.0, 1.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(-2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 6.0, 1.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Throw exception if two point should be added together
-     */
-    public function testCanNotAddPointToAnotherPoint(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
-        
-        $point1 = new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-        $point2 = new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-        
-        $point1->plus($point2);
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Subtracting two tuples
-     * @dataProvider parametersForTupleSubtraction
-     *
-     * @param Tuple $tuple1
-     * @param Tuple $tuple2
-     * @param Tuple $expectedTuple
-     */
-    public function testCanBeSubtractedFromEachOther(Tuple $tuple1, Tuple $tuple2, Tuple $expectedTuple): void
-    {
-        $actualTuple = $tuple1->minus($tuple2);
-        
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->x(), $actualTuple->x());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->y(), $actualTuple->y());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->w(), $actualTuple->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function parametersForTupleSubtraction(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 6.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, -3.0, -1.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 6.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(-2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(-0.9, -0.8, -0.7, 1.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(-2.0, -3.0, -4.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 0.0),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox Throw exception if a point should be subtracted from a vector
-     */
-    public function testCanNotSubtractPointFromAVector(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
-        
-        $point1 = new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
-        $point2 = new Tuple(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-        
-        $point1->minus($point2);
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Negating a tuple
-     * @dataProvider parametersForTupleNegation
-     *
-     * @param Tuple $tuple1
-     * @param Tuple $expectedTuple
-     */
-    public function testCanBeNegated(Tuple $tuple1, Tuple $expectedTuple): void
-    {
-        $actualTuple = $tuple1->negate();
-        
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->x(), $actualTuple->x());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->y(), $actualTuple->y());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->w(), $actualTuple->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function parametersForTupleNegation(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-                new Tuple(-3.0, 2.0, -5.0, -1.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(-3.0, 2.0, -5.0, -1.0),
-                new Tuple(3.0, -2.0, 5.0, 1.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(-1.1, -2.2, -3.3, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(-1.1, -2.2, -3.3, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 0.0),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Multiplying a tuple
      * @dataProvider parametersForTupleMultiplication
      *
      * @param Tuple $tuple1
@@ -263,7 +44,6 @@ class TupleTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->x(), $actualTuple->x());
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->y(), $actualTuple->y());
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->w(), $actualTuple->w());
     }
     
     
@@ -273,27 +53,14 @@ class TupleTest extends TestCase
     public function parametersForTupleMultiplication(): array
     {
         return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0),
-                3.5,
-                new Tuple(3.5, -7.0, 10.5, -14),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0),
-                0.5,
-                new Tuple(0.5, -1.0, 1.5, -2.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0),
-                -1,
-                new Tuple(-1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 4.0),
-            ],
+            [new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0), 3.5, new Tuple(3.5, -7.0, 10.5)],
+            [new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0), 0.5, new Tuple(0.5, -1.0, 1.5)],
+            [new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0), -1, new Tuple(-1.0, 2.0, -3.0)],
         ];
     }
     
     
     /**
-     * @testdox      Dividing a tuple
      * @dataProvider parametersForTupleDivision
      *
      * @param Tuple $tuple1
@@ -307,7 +74,6 @@ class TupleTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->x(), $actualTuple->x());
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->y(), $actualTuple->y());
         $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedTuple->w(), $actualTuple->w());
     }
     
     
@@ -317,138 +83,9 @@ class TupleTest extends TestCase
     public function parametersForTupleDivision(): array
     {
         return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0),
-                2,
-                new Tuple(0.5, -1.0, 1.5, -2.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0),
-                0.5,
-                new Tuple(2.0, -4.0, 6.0, -8.0),
-            ],
+            [new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0), 2, new Tuple(0.5, -1.0, 1.5)],
+            [new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 3.0), 0.5, new Tuple(2.0, -4.0, 6.0)],
         ];
     }
     
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox Computing the magnitude of a vector
-     */
-    public function testHasAMagnitude(): void
-    {
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, (new Tuple(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0))->magnitude());
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, (new Tuple(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0))->magnitude());
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, (new Tuple(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0))->magnitude());
-        $this->assertSame(sqrt(14), (new Tuple(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0))->magnitude());
-        $this->assertSame(sqrt(14), (new Tuple(-1.0, -2.0, -3.0, 0.0))->magnitude());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox Throws an exception if the magnitude should be computed for a point
-     */
-    public function testCanNotComputeMagnitudeForAPoint(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
-        
-        Tuple::createPoint(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)->magnitude();
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      Normalizing vector
-     * @dataProvider parametersForVectorNormalization
-     *
-     * @param Tuple $vector
-     * @param Tuple $expectedVector
-     */
-    public function testCanBeNormalized(Tuple $vector, Tuple $expectedVector): void
-    {
-        $normalizedVector = $vector->normalize();
-        
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->x(), $normalizedVector->x());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->y(), $normalizedVector->y());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->z(), $normalizedVector->z());
-        $this->assertSame(1.0, $normalizedVector->magnitude());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function parametersForVectorNormalization(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            [
-                Tuple::createVector(4.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-                Tuple::createVector(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                Tuple::createVector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
-                Tuple::createVector(1 / sqrt(14), 2 / sqrt(14), 3 / sqrt(14)),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox Throws an exception if a point should be normalized
-     */
-    public function testCanNotNormalizeAPoint(): void
-    {
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
-        
-        Tuple::createPoint(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)->normalize();
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox The dot product of two vectors
-     */
-    public function testCanBuildDotProduct(): void
-    {
-        $vector1 = new Tuple(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0);
-        $vector2 = new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0);
-        
-        $this->assertSame(20.0, $vector1->dot($vector2));
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @testdox      The cross product of two vectors
-     * @dataProvider parametersForVectorCrossProduct
-     *
-     * @param Tuple $vector1
-     * @param Tuple $vector2
-     * @param Tuple $expectedVector
-     */
-    public function testCanBuildCrossProduct(Tuple $vector1, Tuple $vector2, Tuple $expectedVector): void
-    {
-        $actualTuple = $vector1->cross($vector2);
-        
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->x(), $actualTuple->x());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->y(), $actualTuple->y());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->z(), $actualTuple->z());
-        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->w(), $actualTuple->w());
-    }
-    
-    
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function parametersForVectorCrossProduct(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            [
-                new Tuple(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(-1.0, 2.0, -1.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-            [
-                new Tuple(2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0),
-                new Tuple(1.0, -2.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Primitives/VectorTest.php b/tests/Primitives/VectorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845f905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Primitives/VectorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ItsAMirko\RayTracer\Primitives;
+
+use Exception;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use function random_int;
+
+class VectorTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @var float
+     */
+    private $x;
+    
+    /**
+     * @var float
+     */
+    private $y;
+    
+    /**
+     * @var float|int float
+     */
+    private $z;
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        
+        $this->x = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+        $this->y = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+        $this->z = random_int(100, 10000) / 100;
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCanBeCreatedAsTuple(): void
+    {
+        $vector = new Vector($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Tuple::class, $vector);
+        $this->assertSame($this->x, $vector->x());
+        $this->assertSame($this->y, $vector->y());
+        $this->assertSame($this->z, $vector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewPointByAddingAPoint(): void
+    {
+        $vector = new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $point  = new Point($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualPoint = $vector->plusPoint($point);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Point::class, $actualPoint);
+        $this->assertSame(1 + $this->x, $actualPoint->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 + $this->y, $actualPoint->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 + $this->z, $actualPoint->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewVectorByAddingAVector(): void
+    {
+        $vector1 = new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $vector2 = new Vector($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualVector = $vector1->plusVector($vector2);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Vector::class, $actualVector);
+        $this->assertSame(1 + $this->x, $actualVector->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 + $this->y, $actualVector->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 + $this->z, $actualVector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewVectorBySubtractingAVector(): void
+    {
+        $vector1 = new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $vector2 = new Vector($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualVector = $vector1->minusVector($vector2);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Vector::class, $actualVector);
+        $this->assertSame(1 - $this->x, $actualVector->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 - $this->y, $actualVector->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 - $this->z, $actualVector->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCreatesANewPointBySubtractingAPoint(): void
+    {
+        $vector = new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $point  = new Point($this->x, $this->y, $this->z);
+        
+        $actualPoint = $vector->minusPoint($point);
+        
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Point::class, $actualPoint);
+        $this->assertSame(1 - $this->x, $actualPoint->x());
+        $this->assertSame(2 - $this->y, $actualPoint->y());
+        $this->assertSame(3 - $this->z, $actualPoint->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider parametersForMagnitudes
+     *
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     * @param float  $expectedMagnitude
+     */
+    public function testHasAMagnitude(Vector $vector, float $expectedMagnitude): void
+    {
+        $this->assertSame($expectedMagnitude, $vector->magnitude());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function parametersForMagnitudes(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            [new Vector(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 1.0],
+            [new Vector(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), 1.0],
+            [new Vector(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0],
+            [new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0), sqrt(14)],
+            [new Vector(-1.0, -2.0, -3.0), sqrt(14)],
+        ];
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider parametersForNormalization
+     *
+     * @param Vector $vector
+     * @param Vector $expectedVector
+     */
+    public function testCanBeNormalized(Vector $vector, Vector $expectedVector): void
+    {
+        $normalizedVector = $vector->normalize();
+        
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->x(), $normalizedVector->x());
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->y(), $normalizedVector->y());
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->z(), $normalizedVector->z());
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $normalizedVector->magnitude());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function parametersForNormalization(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            [
+                new Vector(4.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                new Vector(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            ],
+            [
+                new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+                new Vector(1 / sqrt(14), 2 / sqrt(14), 3 / sqrt(14)),
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+    
+    
+    public function testCanBuildDotProduct(): void
+    {
+        $vector1 = new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        $vector2 = new Vector(2.0, 3.0, 4.0);
+        
+        $this->assertSame(20.0, $vector1->dot($vector2));
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider parametersForVectorCrossProduct
+     *
+     * @param Vector $vector1
+     * @param Vector $vector2
+     * @param Vector $expectedVector
+     */
+    public function testCanBuildCrossProduct(Vector $vector1, Vector $vector2, Vector $expectedVector): void
+    {
+        $actualTuple = $vector1->cross($vector2);
+        
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->x(), $actualTuple->x());
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->y(), $actualTuple->y());
+        $this->assertSame($expectedVector->z(), $actualTuple->z());
+    }
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function parametersForVectorCrossProduct(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            [
+                new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+                new Vector(2.0, 3.0, 4.0),
+                new Vector(-1.0, 2.0, -1.0),
+            ],
+            [
+                new Vector(2.0, 3.0, 4.0),
+                new Vector(1.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+                new Vector(1.0, -2.0, 1.0),
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}